What is the main byproduct generated from the action of anaerobic bacteria on organic material?

The primary byproduct generated from the action of anaerobic bacteria on organic material is methane. This process occurs during anaerobic digestion, which is a natural biological treatment method that breaks down organic matter without the presence of oxygen. Anaerobic bacteria utilize the organic substrates in the wastewater, such as food waste, agricultural residues, and other biodegradable materials.

As these bacteria metabolize the organic matter, they produce methane as a significant energy-rich gas. Methane is a crucial byproduct because it can be captured and used as a renewable energy source, contributing to energy recovery in wastewater treatment plants. In addition to methane, carbon dioxide is also produced during anaerobic digestion, but methane is often the focus due to its higher energy content and potential for utilization.

Digestate refers to the solid and liquid remnants left after the anaerobic digestion process has taken place, which may contain nutrients for further application, such as fertilizer. Biosolids are the treated solids from wastewater treatment processes that can be safely reused, typically after further treatment and stabilization. While carbon dioxide is indeed a byproduct of aerobic and anaerobic processes, the primary and more valuable gaseous byproduct specifically from anaerobic bacteria acting on organic material is methane.